Threading taps are cutting tools used to create internal threads in holes or bores in various materials, typically metals. These taps come in various types and designs, each suited for specific threading applications. Here's an overview of threading taps:

Hand Taps: Used for manual threading operations, hand taps typically have a tapered end for starting threads and are available in various thread pitches and sizes.

Machine Taps: Designed for use with tapping machines or drill presses, machine taps are more robust and feature a longer shank for secure mounting in the machine.

Spiral Flute Taps: These taps have spiral-shaped flutes that assist in chip evacuation, making them ideal for threading blind holes or for tapping tough materials.

Spiral Point Taps: Similar to spiral flute taps, spiral point taps have a pointed end that pushes chips forward, making them suitable for through-hole threading.

Pipe Taps: Specifically designed for creating threads in pipe fittings, pipe taps have tapered threads and are available in tapered (NPT) and straight (NPS) versions.

Forming Taps: Instead of cutting threads, forming taps use pressure to reshape the material into threads, resulting in stronger threads and improved surface finish.

Threading taps are commonly made from high-speed steel (HSS) for general-purpose applications.

Cobalt steel taps offer enhanced hardness and heat resistance, making them suitable for threading tough materials like stainless steel and hardened alloys.

Carbide taps are used for high-volume production or threading abrasive materials due to their superior wear resistance.

Threading taps are available in various thread standards such as metric (ISO), Unified National (UNC, UNF), and British Standard Pipe (BSP), among others, to match specific threading requirements.

Many threading taps feature surface coatings to improve tool life and performance. Common coatings include titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), and titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN), which offer enhanced wear resistance and lubricity.

Threading taps require proper alignment and lubrication during use to ensure accurate and clean threads.

Taps should be carefully matched to the hole size and material being threaded to avoid tool breakage or thread damage.

Regular tapping operations should include backing off the tap periodically to break and clear chips, especially in blind holes.

Overall, threading taps are essential tools for creating internal threads in a wide range of materials and applications, playing a crucial role in manufacturing, machining, and repair operations.